Eco-friendly synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties

Ruchi, Mukesh Kumar*, Rakesh Negi

Department of Botany & Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Refer this article

Ruchi, Mukesh Kumar, Rakesh Negi, 2025. Eco-friendly synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences, V 14 - I 5, Pages - 01 – 07. Doi: https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.V14I5.6905.

ABSTRACT

The present study aims to explore the green synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles using A. indica leaf extract and their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Green nanotechnology, applying plant-based resources, is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for nanoparticle construction. Calcium carbonate, known for its biocompatibility and bioresorbable activities, is mainly useful in biomedical uses like as bone repair and treatments for dental care. In this research, ethyl acetate extracts of A. indica were used to create CaCO₃ NPs through a precipitation technique involving calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. The production of the nanoparticles was identified using XRD, FE-SEM, and FTIR. The antibacterial efficiency of the nanoparticles was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans using the well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration method, representing substantial zones of inhibition at different concentrations, closely comparable to standard antibiotics. The result demonstrates that the calcium carbonate inhibits the ZOI against both bacterial strains. The zone for S. aureus from 28.80-33.50 mm, whereas for S. mutans, it ranged from 30.83-35.53 mm. These results demonstrate that calcium carbonate nanoparticles showed good antimicrobial activity against both bacterial strains. Additionally, in vitro protein denaturation assays showed substantial anti-inflammatory properties, with increasing inhibition percentages detected at higher nanoparticle concentrations. The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation by nanoparticles across different concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000µg/ml. calcium carbonate nanoparticles show the percentage of inhibition from 20.84% to 92.34% over the same concentration range. This study highlights the potential of A. indica-mediated CaCO₃ nanoparticles as promising agents for treating dental infections and inflammation-related conditions in a biocompatible and eco-friendly manner.

Keywords:

Azadirachta indica, Antibacterial activity, Anti-inflammatory, Calcium carbonate nanoparticles, Dental bacteria.

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