BENEFITS OF ACETHYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR GALANTAMINE IN TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR ITS ANALYSIS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS

Dobrina Tsvetkova1*, Danka Obreshkova1,2, Stefka Ivanova1,2, Bozhidarka Hadjieva3

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, leading to memery loss as a result of the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Galantamine possesses dual mechaunism of action as a reversible blocker of enzyme acetylcholinesterase and an allosterically potentiator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to neuroprotection, increased dopaminergic neurotransmission, improved behavioral functions and enhanced concentration. In Alzheimer’s disease with vascular dementia or with cerebrovascular disorders as a result of its antioxidant effect, Galantamine decreases neurodegeneration and cognitive decline by improving the processes of learning, memory and attention. By inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation and by increasing of Aβ clearance throught an activation of microglia, the drug protects against β-amyloid toxicity and exerts in anti-apoptotic action in cells. For identification of Galantamine in plant extracts are described thin layer chromatographic methods in stationary phases: Silicagel G60F254 or aluminium and displaying the spots through different approaches: quenching the fluorescence at λ = 254 nm, spraying with Dragendorf reagent or iodine vapour. For determination of Galantamine in plant extracts are reported the followingo mmethods: 1) thin layer chromatography-densitometry; 2) extraction-thin layer chromatography-spectrophotometry; 3) High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography; 4) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection; 5) HPLC-radioimmunoassay; 6) gas chromatogram-phy with mass-spectrometric detection (GC-MS), capillary electrophoresis and polarography.

Keywords: NA