Ground water fluoride induced neurological changes in brain: a promising review

Sathasivam Rajkumar, Swaminathan Gomathi*, Chinnadurai Kannan, Byran Gowramma, Ramanathan Sambathkumar

JSS College of Pharmacy, Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT

Fluoride is now found in many sections of the world's groundwater. Across the globe, more than 25 countries have found evidence linking fluoride, a single ion, to health concerns. Although a highest limit of fluoride in groundwater has been set by the World Health Organization, it has been found to be exceeded in a number of nations. According to WHO estimates from 1984, more than 260 million people drank water with more than 1 mg/L of fluoride. Tamilnadu is one of the Indian states where fluoride contamination has been discovered. Several organs of the body, including the brain, have been found to be damaged by long-term fluoride exposure. Fluoride produces free radicals, increases lipid peroxidation, depletes antioxidants, inhibits essential enzymes in biochemical activities, lowers energy production, and restricts protein synthesis. The primary goal of this paper is to explain how fluoride might cause neurotoxicity in the brain.

Keywords:

Fluoride, Oxidative Stress, Ground water, Neurotoxicity, Anti-oxidants.