DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES OF CANCER AT DIFFERENT STAGE

Dr Joel Thomas*, Dr Joshin Sara Cherian, Dr Juliyana Joseph, Dr Greeshma Paul, Dr Ashby Benny, Dr Megha Philip, Dr Vijay M C

Padmavathi College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, Krishnagiri, Periyanahalli, Dharampuri, Tamilnadu, India.

ABSTRACT

Abnormal cell growth with the potential to spread or invade to different parts of the body is the primary symptom of cancer. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body it is important to finding out how much cancer is in a person’s body and what the location is? This process is called staging. In development of cancer it has different stages. Stage of cancer diagnosis may be expressed as numbers (I, II, III, and IV) or by terms such as localized, regional, and distant. The lower the number or the more localized the cancer, the better a person’s chances of benefiting from treatment. Tracking the rates of late-stage (distant) cancers is a good way to monitor the impact of cancer screening. When more cancers are detected in early stages, fewer detected in late stages. In process to determine the amount of the cancer in the body, doctors first look at the primary tumor for its size, location, and whether it has grown into nearby areas. Different types tests are performed to figure out a cancer’s stage, Depending on location of the cancer, the physical exam may give indications. Imaging tests like x-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasound, and PET scans may also give information about how much and where cancer is in the body. A biopsy is needed to confirm a cancer diagnosis.

Keywords:

Biopsy, CT scans, ultrasound, PET, diagnosis, primary symptom, biomarker.